amadunia

LearnLesson 4

Yesterday, today, tomorrow

Prerequisite: Lesson 3.

New words

WordMeaning
sudapast marker — put it before the verb
saufafuture marker — put it before the verb

Two words. That is the entire tense system of Amadunia.

The verb never changes

Take any sentence you already know and drop one word in front of the verb.

AmaduniaEnglish
Mi kula pan.I eat bread.
Mi suda kula pan.I ate bread.
Mi saufa kula pan.I will eat bread.

kula stayed kula. It will always stay kula.

Everyone, every time

pastpresentfuture
Imi suda gomi gomi saufa go
youyu suda goyu goyu saufa go
she / heta suda gota gota saufa go
wekita suda gokita gokita saufa go

Read down any column: the verb is identical in every row. Read across any row: only the particle moves.

Where the particle goes

Directly before the verb, after the subject. Nowhere else.

  • Rafiki suda lai. — The friend came.
  • Anak saufa nomu akua. — The child will drink water.
  • Doktor suda kan ta. — The doctor saw her.

A conversation

Yu suda kula?Ya, mi suda kula pan. Yu?No. Mi saufa kula.Ok. Mi saufa beri ca.

Did you eat? — Yes, I ate bread. You? — No. I will eat. — Ok. I’ll give (you) tea.

Not repeating yourself

Once the time is set, you may leave the particle off until the time changes:

Mi suda go ruma. Mi kula pan. Mi nomu ca. Mi kan rafiki. — I went home. I ate bread. I drank tea. I saw a friend.

Only the first sentence carries suda; the rest inherit it. Putting suda in every sentence is also correct — just longer.

Practice

  1. Ta suda sema.She spoke.
  2. Kita saufa kan sol.We will see the sun.
  3. Anak suda nomu akua.The child drank water.
  4. Yu saufa lai ruma?Will you come home?
  5. Mi suda bil nama.I knew the name.

What you can already say

Four lessons in: greet, ask, want, eat, drink, come, go, give, see, speak, know — in past, present and future, for any subject, without a single verb ever changing shape.

Plurals are covered in Lesson 5, possession in Lesson 6, questions in Lesson 7.

Source: lessons/lesson-4-tense.md in the language repository.