amadunia

Dictionary101 roots

Every word settled so far.

101 roots, on the way to 300 for A1. The source languages are listed with each word because global balance is a rule, and this is where it gets checked. Next milestone: 180.

Greetings and basics

  • baigoodbyealready-global
  • basenough, stopHindi/Urdu bas, Persian bas, Swahili basi, Turkish bas
  • hihelloalready-global
  • mersithank youFrench merci — adopted in Persian, Turkish, Romanian, Bulgarian, Greek, Egyptian Arabic
  • nonoalready-global
  • okokalready-global
  • pardonsorry, excuse meFrench pardon — adopted in Turkish, Russian, Persian, Arabic dialects; Spanish perdón
  • plispleaseEnglish please, already-global
  • salampeaceful greetingArabic, Hebrew, Persian, Turkish, Urdu, Swahili
  • yayessource not yet documented

People

  • anakchildIndonesian/Malay anak, Tagalog anak, Javanese anak
  • dugusibling — no genderSwahili ndugu
  • familiafamilyLatin familia, Spanish familia, Swahili familia, Polish familia, Russian familiya
  • insanperson, humanArabic insān — adopted in Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Indonesian, Swahili insani
  • kitawe, including youIndonesian, Malay, Tagalog
  • mamamothersource not yet documented
  • miI, meSpanish/Italian mi, English me, Swahili mimi
  • namanameSanskrit/Hindi naam, Indonesian nama, Japanese namae, English name
  • papafathersource not yet documented
  • rafikifriendSwahili rafiki, Arabic rafīq, Persian rafiq
  • tahe, she, it — no genderChinese tā 他/她/它, one sound for all three
  • yuyou — one form for everyoneEnglish you

Body

  • aineyeArabic ʿayn (عين), Hebrew ayin
  • manohandSpanish/Italian mano, Latin manus, Portuguese mão, French main
  • sarheadPersian sar, Hindi/Urdu sir/sar, Sanskrit śiras

Food and water

  • akuawaterLatin aqua, Spanish agua, Portuguese água, Italian acqua
  • cateaChinese chá, Hindi chai, Turkish çay, Swahili chai, Russian chay, Persian chai
  • panbread, foodSpanish/Portuguese pan/pão, Japanese pan, Korean ppang

Home and world

  • duniaworldArabic, Hindi, Swahili, Indonesian, Turkish
  • rumahouse, homeIndonesian/Malay rumah
  • solsunLatin/Spanish/Portuguese sol

Time

  • dindayHindi/Urdu din, Bengali din, Persian din
  • ratnightHindi/Urdu raat, Bengali raat, Sanskrit rātri
  • sasanowSwahili sasa

Place

  • subdown, belowLatin sub — global as the prefix in submarine, subway, Spanish/Italian sotto/sub, Turkish sub- in loanwords
  • sinihereIndonesian/Malay sini
  • situthereIndonesian/Malay situ — the pair of sini
  • uparup, aboveHindi/Urdu ūpar, Bengali upore, Nepali upar

Actions

  • amato loveLatin
  • ambilto takeIndonesian/Malay ambil
  • andato walkSpanish/Portuguese andar, Italian andare
  • berito giveIndonesian/Malay beri, Turkish vermek
  • bilto knowTurkish bilmek, Azeri/Uzbek/Kazakh bil-
  • goto goEnglish go, already-global
  • kanto seeChinese kàn (看)
  • karato readArabic qaraʾa (قرأ) — the root of Quran, "that which is read"
  • katabto writeArabic kataba (كتب) — the root of kitab (book), Turkish katip, Swahili kitabu
  • kulato eatSwahili kula, Arabic akala
  • kupito buyRussian kupit', Bulgarian/Serbian/Croatian kupi, Czech koupit
  • laito comeChinese lái (来)
  • lalato sleepSwahili kulala
  • madadhelp; to helpArabic madad, Hindi/Urdu madad, Persian madad, Turkish medet
  • mauto wantIndonesian/Malay mau
  • nomuto drinkJapanese nomu (飲む)
  • oturto sitTurkish otur-, Azeri otur-
  • semato say, to speakSwahili sema
  • suruto do, to makeJapanese suru (する)

Town and money

  • marketmarket, shopalready-global — English, Turkish, Russian, Arabic dialects, Indonesian
  • pesamoneySwahili pesa, Hindi/Urdu paisa, Spanish/Tagalog peso/piso
  • rabotaworkRussian rabota, Polish/Czech robota — source of the global word robot

Colours

  • asulblueArabic lāzaward → Spanish/Portuguese azul, Italian azzurro, English azure
  • merahredIndonesian/Malay merah

Qualities and ideas

  • baridcoldArabic bārid, Swahili baridi
  • barunewIndonesian/Malay baru
  • cokmany, muchTurkish çok, Azeri çox
  • eskioldTurkish eski, Azeri əski
  • hayaifastJapanese hayai (速い)
  • garamhotHindi/Urdu garam, Persian garm, Bengali gorom
  • haogoodChinese hǎo (好)
  • kabirbigArabic kabīr, Swahili -kubwa, Turkish kebir
  • kecismallIndonesian/Malay kecil, Turkish küçük
  • lumalightsource not yet documented
  • malbadLatin malus, Spanish/French mal, already-global via malaria
  • unatogethersource not yet documented

Question words

  • berapahow many, how muchIndonesian/Malay berapa
  • kabwhenHindi/Urdu kab, Bengali kobe
  • kaifahowArabic kayfa (كيف)
  • kewhatSpanish qué, Portuguese que, Italian che, French que
  • kimwhoTurkish, Azeri, Uzbek, Kazakh kim
  • naliwhereChinese nǎlǐ (哪里)
  • porkewhySpanish por qué, Italian perché, French pourquoi — "for what"

Grammar particles

  • esis, am, are — before a noun predicate onlySpanish es, Latin est, Italian è, French est, German ist, English is, Russian est', Hindi hai, Persian ast
  • saufafuture marker (before the verb)Arabic sawfa (سوف)
  • sudapast marker (before the verb)Indonesian/Malay sudah

Already-global loans

  • doktordoctorTurkish, Russian, Indonesian, Hindi, Swahili daktari
  • fotophotoalready-global
  • hotelhotelalready-global
  • musikmusicalready-global — German Musik, Turkish müzik, Russian muzyka, Indonesian musik, Arabic mūsīqā, Swahili muziki
  • taksitaxialready-global
  • telefontelephonealready-global — Turkish, German, Russian, Polish, Indonesian telepon, Arabic tilifūn

Numbers

  • ba8Chinese
  • des10source not yet documented
  • du2source not yet documented
  • fai5source not yet documented
  • nau9source not yet documented
  • pat4Indonesian/Malay empat, Tagalog apat, Javanese papat
  • sen100source not yet documented
  • seti7source not yet documented
  • sis6source not yet documented
  • tri3source not yet documented
  • uan1source not yet documented

Contributing

Add a word.

Every entry needs a form, a meaning, and its source languages. A word gets in when it is already at home in several language families and collides with nothing settled. Open an issue or a pull request on dictionary.md.