Dictionary300 roots
Every word settled so far.
300 roots, on the way to 600 for A2. The source languages are listed with each word because global balance is a rule, and this is where it gets checked.
Greetings and basics
- baigoodbyeEnglish bye — borrowed as Mandarin 拜拜 bàibài, Japanese baibai, Hindi/Urdu bāy, Indonesian bai — already-global
- basenough, stopHindi/Urdu bas, Persian bas, Swahili basi, Turkish bas
- hihelloEnglish hi — travels with English into casual speech nearly everywhere, and the shape never changes — already-global
- mersithank youFrench merci — adopted in Persian, Turkish, Romanian, Bulgarian, Greek, Egyptian Arabic
- nono; not — before the predicate, see grammar/negation.mdthe na/ne root: Spanish/Italian no, English no/not, Latin non, Russian ne, Polish nie, Sanskrit/Hindi na, Persian na-
- okokEnglish OK — Japanese ōkē, Korean okei, Turkish okey, Russian okey, Spanish/Portuguese ok; among the most widely borrowed words on Earth — already-global
- pardonsorry, excuse meFrench pardon — adopted in Turkish, Russian, Persian, Arabic dialects; Spanish perdón
- plispleaseEnglish please, already-global
- salampeaceful greetingArabic, Hebrew, Persian, Turkish, Urdu, Swahili
- yayesIndonesian/Malay ya, Javanese ya; German/Dutch/Swedish/Norwegian ja
People
- anakchildIndonesian/Malay anak, Tagalog anak, Javanese anak
- dugusibling — no genderSwahili ndugu
- familiafamilyLatin familia, Spanish familia, Swahili familia, Polish familia, Russian familiya
- insanperson, humanArabic insān — adopted in Turkish, Persian, Urdu, Indonesian, Swahili insani
- kisanfarmerHindi/Urdu kisān, Nepali kisan, Bengali kisan
- kitawe, including you — see grammar/pronouns.mdIndonesian, Malay, Tagalog
- mamamothera nursery word shared across nearly every family on Earth: Mandarin māma, Swahili mama, Spanish mamá, Russian mama, Arabic māmā, Hindi mā̃
- miI, meSpanish/Italian mi, English me, Swahili mimi
- mualimteacherArabic muʿallim (معلم), Swahili mwalimu, Turkish muallim, Urdu muallim, Indonesian muallim
- namanameSanskrit/Hindi naam, Indonesian nama, Japanese namae, English name
- nasabrelative, kinArabic nasab (lineage), Turkish nesep, Urdu/Hindi nasab, Swahili nasaba
- papafatherthe nursery pair of mama, as widespread: Mandarin bàba, Swahili baba, Turkish baba, Spanish papá, Hindi pāpā, Russian papa
- polisipoliceGreek polis → global: Swahili polisi, Indonesian polisi, Turkish polis, Russian politsiya
- rafikifriendSwahili rafiki, Arabic rafīq, Persian rafiq
- soferdriverFrench chauffeur → Turkish şoför, Russian shofyor, Indonesian sopir, Arabic shufīr
- tahe, she, it — no genderChinese tā 他/她/它, one sound for all three
- tacirmerchantArabic tājir (تاجر), Turkish tacir, Urdu tājir, Swahili tajiri
- yuyou — one form for everyoneEnglish you
Body
- aineyeArabic ʿayn (عين), Hebrew ayin
- burunnoseTurkish burun, Azeri burun, Turkmen burun
- cehrafaceHindi/Urdu chehra, Persian chehreh, Nepali cehara
- dentetoothLatin dentem → Italian dente, Spanish diente, Portuguese dente, French dent, English dental
- kakifoot, legIndonesian/Malay/Tagalog kaki
- kalbheartArabic qalb (قلب), Turkish kalp, Urdu qalb, Persian qalb
- korpobodyLatin corpus — global through corps, corporate, Spanish cuerpo, Italian corpo
- kulitskinIndonesian/Malay kulit
- manohandSpanish/Italian mano, Latin manus, Portuguese mão, French main
- mulutmouthIndonesian/Malay mulut
- rambuthairIndonesian/Malay rambut
- sarheadPersian sar, Hindi/Urdu sir/sar, Sanskrit śiras
- telingaearIndonesian/Malay telinga, Javanese talingan
Feelings
Food and water
- akuawaterLatin aqua, Spanish agua, Portuguese água, Italian acqua
- cateaChinese chá, Hindi chai, Turkish çay, Swahili chai, Russian chay, Persian chai
- corbasoupPersian shorbā → Turkish çorba, Arabic shurba, Urdu shorba, Bulgarian/Serbian čorba
- frutafruitLatin fructus, Spanish/Portuguese fruta, Russian frukt, English fruit, German Frucht
- halibmilkArabic ḥalīb (حليب), Swahili haliba, Maltese ħalib
- kafecoffeeArabic qahwa → Turkish kahve → global: café, coffee, Kaffee, kofe, Swahili kahawa
- legumvegetableLatin legumen → French légume, Spanish legumbre, English legume
- minyakoilIndonesian/Malay minyak
- namaksaltHindi/Urdu namak, Persian namak, Bengali nun
- nyamameatSwahili nyama, and Bantu-wide
- panbread, foodSpanish/Portuguese pan/pão, Japanese pan, Korean ppang
- risiriceGreek óryza → Arabic aruzz → Italian riso, French riz, English rice, Russian ris
- sukarsugarSanskrit śarkarā → Arabic sukkar → Turkish şeker, Swahili sukari, Russian sakhar, English sugar — one of the most travelled words on Earth
- telureggIndonesian/Malay telur, Javanese telur
Health
Clothing
Home and world
- anahtarkeyTurkish anahtar, Azeri açar aside; from Greek anoiktēri
- atesfireTurkish ateş, Azeri ateş, Persian ātash
- bagegardenPersian bāgh, Urdu/Hindi bāgh, Turkish bağ
- bahariseaArabic baḥr (بحر), Swahili bahari, Turkish bahriye, Indonesian bahari
- bulanmoonIndonesian/Malay bulan, Javanese wulan, Tagalog buwan
- domhouse, homeRussian/Polish dom, Czech dům, Latin domus — global through domestic, domicile. Replaced ruma on September 3, 2026
- duniaworldArabic, Hindi, Swahili, Indonesian, Turkish
- gelasglass, cupDutch glas → Indonesian/Malay gelas, Swahili glasi; English glass, German Glas
- hutanforestIndonesian/Malay hutan
- kamraroomHindi/Urdu kamra, Nepali kamra, Bengali kamra
- lampulampIndonesian/Malay lampu — global: lamp, lampe, lampa, lampara
- madinacityArabic madīna (مدينة), Turkish medine, Urdu madīna, Swahili mji/madina
- negaracountrySanskrit nagara → Indonesian/Malay negara, Thai nakhon, Khmer, Javanese
- paharmountainHindi/Urdu pahāṛ, Nepali pahad
- pencerewindowTurkish pencere, Persian panjare, Urdu panjra
- petrastoneGreek pétra → Latin, Spanish piedra, Italian pietra — global through petroleum, petrify
- pintudoorIndonesian/Malay pintu, Tagalog pinto
- piringplateIndonesian/Malay piring
- pontebridgeLatin pontem → Italian/Portuguese ponte, Spanish puente, French pont, Romanian punte
- sabunsoapArabic ṣābūn → Turkish sabun, Swahili sabuni, Indonesian sabun, Hindi sābun, Russian... Spanish jabón, French savon
- sikinknifeArabic sikkīn (سكين), Urdu sikkīn, Swahili kisu aside; Maltese sikkina
- solsunLatin/Spanish/Portuguese sol
- stelastarLatin stella → Italian stella, Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela — global through stellar, constellation
- sungairiverIndonesian/Malay sungai, Javanese kali/sungai
- tablatableLatin tabula → Spanish tabla, English table, Russian tablitsa
- tanahearth, groundIndonesian/Malay tanah, Javanese tanah
- udaraairIndonesian/Malay udara, from Sanskrit udāra
- yatakbedTurkish yatak, Azeri yataq
Weather
Animals and plants
- animalanimalLatin animal — global: animal, animale, Tier aside, Indonesian animalia
- farasihorseArabic faras (فرس), Swahili farasi, Turkish feres
- florflowerLatin flōrem → Spanish/Portuguese flor, Italian fiore, French fleur, English flora
- kanisdogLatin canis — global through canine, Italian cane, Spanish can, French chien
- kucingcatIndonesian/Malay kucing
- pohontreeIndonesian/Malay pohon
- samakifishSwahili samaki, Arabic samak (سمك)
- tairbirdArabic ṭayr (طير), Urdu tair, Persian tayr
Time
- aksameveningTurkish akşam, Azeri axşam, Turkmen agşam
- besoktomorrowIndonesian/Malay besok, Javanese sesuk
- dindayHindi/Urdu din, Bengali din, Persian din
- haftaweekPersian hafta, Turkish hafta, Hindi/Urdu hafta, Arabic dialects
- horahourSpanish/Portuguese hora, Italian ora, Latin hora, Greek hōra — global through hour
- kemarinyesterdayIndonesian/Malay kemarin
- mausimseasonArabic mawsim (موسم) → Indonesian musim, Turkish mevsim, Urdu mausam, Swahili msimu — the source of monsoon
- mensismonthLatin mēnsis → Spanish mes, Italian mese, Portuguese mês, French mois — global through bimonthly, menstrual
- momenmomentLatin momentum — English moment, Spanish momento, German Moment, Russian moment, Indonesian momen
- pagimorningIndonesian/Malay pagi
- ratnightHindi/Urdu raat, Bengali raat, Sanskrit rātri
- sasanowSwahili sasa
- tahunyearIndonesian/Malay tahun, Javanese taun
- tempotimeLatin tempus → Italian/Portuguese tempo, Spanish tiempo, Indonesian tempo, Russian temp
This and that
Place
- kirileftIndonesian/Malay kiri
- sinihereIndonesian/Malay sini
- situthereIndonesian/Malay situ — the pair of sini
- subdown, belowLatin sub — global as the prefix in submarine, subway, Spanish/Italian sotto/sub, Turkish sub- in loanwords
- tempatplaceIndonesian/Malay tempat
- uparup, aboveHindi/Urdu ūpar, Bengali upore, Nepali upar
- yaminrightArabic yamīn (يمين) — the source of Yemen, the land on the right hand
Actions
- amato loveLatin
- ambilto takeIndonesian/Malay ambil
- andato walkSpanish/Portuguese andar, Italian andare
- becato sellHindi/Urdu bechnā, Bengali becha
- berito giveIndonesian/Malay beri, Turkish vermek
- bilto knowTurkish bilmek, Azeri/Uzbek/Kazakh bil-
- bisacan, to be able — before another verb, see grammar/verb-chains.mdIndonesian/Malay bisa
- bukato openIndonesian/Malay buka, Javanese bukak
- dengarto hearIndonesian/Malay dengar
- esperato waitSpanish/Portuguese esperar, Italian sperare — the root of Esperanto, "one who hopes"
- fahamto understandArabic fahima, Indonesian/Malay paham, Swahili fahamu, Urdu fahm, Turkish fehim
- fikirto thinkArabic fikr, Turkish fikir, Urdu/Hindi fikr, Swahili fikiri, Indonesian pikir
- finisto finishLatin finis — global: finish, final, finale, fin, Turkish final
- fungato closeSwahili funga
- gasilto washArabic ghasala (غسل), Urdu ghusl, Swahili kuosha aside; Turkish gasil
- goto goEnglish go, already-global
- hidupto liveIndonesian/Malay hidup
- ingatto rememberIndonesian/Malay ingat
- kanto seeChinese kàn (看)
- kantato singLatin cantāre, Spanish cantar, Italian cantare, Portuguese cantar, French chanter
- karato readArabic qaraʾa (قرأ) — the root of Quran, "that which is read"
- katabto writeArabic kataba (كتب) — the root of kitab (book), Turkish katip, Swahili kitabu
- kimbiato runSwahili kimbia
- kirimto sendIndonesian/Malay kirim
- kulato eatSwahili kula, Arabic akala
- kupito buyRussian kupit', Bulgarian/Serbian/Croatian kupi, Czech koupit
- laito comeChinese lái (来)
- lalato sleepSwahili kulala
- lasimmust, to have toArabic lāzim, Turkish lazım, Persian lāzem, Urdu/Hindi lāzim, Swahili lazima, Indonesian lazim — written with s, the alphabet having no z
- letato bringSwahili leta
- lihatto look, to watchIndonesian/Malay lihat
- madadhelp; to helpArabic madad, Hindi/Urdu madad, Persian madad, Turkish medet
- matito dieIndonesian/Malay mati, Tagalog matay
- mauto wantIndonesian/Malay mau
- naitito findRussian naiti, Polish najść, Ukrainian znaity
- nomuto drinkJapanese nomu (飲む)
- oturto sitTurkish otur-, Azeri otur-
- poneto putLatin pōnere → Spanish poner, Italian porre, Portuguese pôr — global through position, component
- probato tryLatin probāre — global: probe, prueba, prova, proba, Russian proba
- punyato haveIndonesian/Malay punya
- responto answerLatin respondēre — global: respond, responder, rispondere, Indonesian respon
- semato say, to speakSwahili sema
- sentito feelLatin sentīre → Spanish/Portuguese/French sentir, Italian sentire — global through sentiment, consent, resent
- startto beginEnglish start — global: German starten, Russian start, Turkish/Indonesian start
- stopto stopEnglish stop — global: stopp, stop, stoppen, Indonesian stop
- studito learn, to studyLatin studere — global: English study, Spanish estudiar, German Studium, Russian studirovat', Indonesian studi
- suruto do, to makeJapanese suru (する)
- tabakto cookArabic ṭabakha (طبخ), Turkish tabh, Urdu tabakh
- tanyato askIndonesian/Malay tanya
- tenaagainSwahili tena
- unutto forgetTurkish unut-, Azeri unut-, Turkmen unut-
Play
Town and money
- autocarGerman Auto, Spanish auto, Turkish/Indonesian oto, Russian avto — global
- bankabankItalian banca — English bank, Spanish banco, Turkish banka, Russian bank, Indonesian bank, Swahili benki
- hargapriceIndonesian/Malay harga, from Sanskrit argha
- hospitalhospitalLatin hospitale — global: hospital, hôpital, hospitalis, Indonesian hospital
- kertaspaperGreek chártēs → Arabic qirṭās → Indonesian/Malay kertas, Swahili karatasi
- kursichairArabic kursī, Turkish kürsü, Hindi/Urdu kursī, Indonesian kursi, Swahili kiti
- marketmarket, shopalready-global — English, Turkish, Russian, Arabic dialects, Indonesian
- mesinmachineLatin machina — global: machine, máquina, Maschine, mashina, Indonesian mesin
- pesamoneySwahili pesa, Hindi/Urdu paisa, Spanish/Tagalog peso/piso
- postamailLatin posita — global: post, posta, pochta, pos, Turkish posta, Swahili posta
- rabotaworkRussian rabota, Polish/Czech robota — source of the global word robot
- regalogiftSpanish/Italian regalo, Portuguese regalo
- restoranrestaurantFrench restaurant — global: Turkish/Indonesian/Russian/Polish restoran
- skolaschoolLatin schola — global: Russian shkola, Polish szkoła, Indonesian sekolah, Swahili shule, German Schule, English school
- tarikroad, wayArabic ṭarīq (طريق), Turkish tarik, Urdu tarīq, Swahili tariki
- trentrainSpanish/Turkish tren, French train, English train, Russian tren — global
Colours
- asfaryellowArabic aṣfar (أصفر), Swahili safari (a journey, from the same root's travel sense) aside; Urdu asfar
- asulblueArabic lāzaward → Spanish/Portuguese azul, Italian azzurro, English azure
- merahredIndonesian/Malay merah
- putihwhiteIndonesian/Malay putih, Tagalog puti
- siyablackPersian siyāh, Turkish siyah, Urdu/Hindi siyāh, Bengali shyam
- yesilgreenTurkish yeşil, Azeri yaşıl, Turkmen ýaşyl — written with s, the alphabet having no sh
Qualities and ideas
- amanipeaceArabic amān (أمان), Swahili amani, Turkish aman, Urdu amān
- amikdeepArabic ʿamīq (عميق), Urdu amīq
- arteartLatin artem — global: art, arte, arta, Russian art
- asaneasyHindi/Urdu āsān, Persian āsān, Bengali ashan
- bahayadangerIndonesian/Malay bahaya, from Sanskrit bhaya
- baidfarArabic baʿīd (بعيد)
- baridcoldArabic bārid, Swahili baridi
- barunewIndonesian/Malay baru
- benartrueIndonesian/Malay benar
- canglongChinese cháng (长)
- cokmany, muchTurkish çok, Azeri çox
- daimaalwaysArabic dāʾiman (دائما), Swahili daima, Turkish daima, Urdu dāʾim
- dekatnearIndonesian/Malay dekat
- duanshortChinese duǎn (短)
- dulcesweetLatin dulcis → Spanish/Portuguese dulce/doce, Italian dolce, French doux
- eskioldTurkish eski, Azeri əski
- garamhotHindi/Urdu garam, Persian garm, Bengali gorom
- gencyoungTurkish genç, Azeri gənc
- golosvoiceRussian golos, Polish głos, Czech hlas, Serbian glas
- grupogroupLatin gruppo — global: group, grupo, Gruppe, gruppa, Indonesian grup
- habarinewsArabic khabar (خبر) → Swahili habari, Turkish haber, Urdu khabar, Indonesian kabar
- hafiflight in weightArabic khafīf (خفيف), Turkish hafif, Urdu hafīf
- haogoodChinese hǎo (好)
- hayaifastJapanese hayai (速い)
- historiahistoryGreek historía — global: history, historia, Geschichte aside, istoriya, Indonesian historia
- ideideaGreek idéa — global: idea, idée, Idee, ideya, Indonesian ide
- kabirbigArabic kabīr, Swahili -kubwa, Turkish kebir
- kadangsometimesIndonesian/Malay kadang
- kadaras ... asArabic qadar, Turkish kadar, Urdu/Hindi qadar, Persian qadr
- kalimawordArabic kalima (كلمة), Turkish kelime, Urdu kalima, Swahili kalima, Indonesian kalimat
- kecismallIndonesian/Malay kecil, Turkish küçük
- kosongemptyIndonesian/Malay kosong
- kotordirtyIndonesian/Malay kotor
- kuatstrongIndonesian/Malay kuat
- kulturacultureLatin cultura — English culture, Spanish/Italian cultura, German Kultur, Russian kultura, Turkish kültür
- kuranglessIndonesian/Malay kurang
- lebimoreIndonesian/Malay lebih
- legislawLatin lēgis — English legal, Spanish ley, Italian legge, French loi
- lingualanguageLatin lingua → Italian/Portuguese lingua, Spanish lengua, French langue — global through linguistics, lingua franca
- lumalightLatin lūmen → Spanish lumbre, Italian/Portuguese lume — global through luminous, illuminate
- malbadLatin malus, Spanish/French mal, already-global via malaria
- masalstoryTurkish masal, from Arabic mathal; Azeri masal
- mimpidreamIndonesian/Malay mimpi
- muskildifficultArabic mushkil (مشكل), Turkish müşkül, Urdu/Hindi mushkil, Persian moshkel — written with s, the alphabet having no sh
- naturanatureLatin natura — English nature, Spanish/Italian natura, German Natur, Russian natura
- numeronumberLatin numerus — English number, Spanish número, Italian numero, German Nummer, Russian nomer, Turkish numara
- palingmost — the superlative, before the adjectiveIndonesian/Malay paling
- plenfullLatin plēnus, Spanish lleno, French plein, English plenty
- problemaproblemGreek próblēma — English problem, Spanish/Italian problema, German Problem, Russian problema, Turkish problem, Indonesian problema
- safarijourneyArabic safar (سفر) → Swahili safari, and global in English
- saficleanArabic ṣāfī (صافي), Swahili safi, Hindi/Urdu sāf, Turkish saf
- sakilheavyArabic thaqīl (ثقيل), Turkish sakil, Urdu saqīl
- sansichanceFrench chance → Turkish şans, Russian shans, Polish szansa
- sedihsadIndonesian/Malay sedih
- senanghappyIndonesian/Malay senang
- sukutsilenceArabic sukūt (سكوت), Turkish sükût, Urdu sukūt
- sundarbeautifulHindi/Urdu sundar, Sanskrit sundara, Nepali sundar
- suratletterIndonesian/Malay surat, from Arabic sūra (a written passage)
- uhurufreedomSwahili uhuru
- umidhopePersian omīd, Urdu ummīd, Hindi ummeed, Turkish ümit
- umurlife, ageArabic ʿumr (عمر), Turkish ömür, Urdu umr, Indonesian umur, Swahili umri
- unatogether; una + noun = with — see grammar/place.mdLatin ūnā, "together"
- yalanlie, falsehoodTurkish yalan, Azeri yalan, Turkmen ýalan
- yanliswrongTurkish yanlış, Azeri yanlış — written with s, the alphabet having no sh
Question words
- berapahow many, how muchIndonesian/Malay berapa
- kabwhenHindi/Urdu kab, Bengali kobe
- kaifahowArabic kayfa (كيف)
- kewhatSpanish qué, Portuguese que, Italian che, French que
- kimwhoTurkish, Azeri, Uzbek, Kazakh kim
- naliwhereChinese nǎlǐ (哪里)
- porkewhy; becauseSpanish por qué, Italian perché, French pourquoi — "for what"
Prepositions
Grammar particles
- agarifPersian/Urdu agar, Hindi agar, Turkish eğer
- aurandHindi/Urdu aur
- esis, am, are — before a noun predicate only; see grammar/copula.mdSpanish es, Latin est, Italian è, French est, German ist, English is, Russian est', Hindi hai, Persian ast
- oorSpanish/Italian o, Portuguese ou, Latin aut — the language's first one-letter word
- saufafuture marker (before the verb)Arabic sawfa (سوف)
- sudapast marker (before the verb)Indonesian/Malay sudah
Already-global loans
- doktordoctorTurkish, Russian, Indonesian, Hindi, Swahili daktari
- fotophotoGreek phōs, phōtos (light) via photograph — the clipped foto is ordinary in German, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Polish, Turkish, Indonesian, Russian foto — already-global
- hotelhotelFrench hôtel — English hotel, Spanish/Portuguese hotel, Indonesian hotel, Turkish otel, Russian otel, Hindi hoṭal — already-global
- librobookSpanish/Italian libro, Portuguese livro, French livre — global through library
- musikmusicalready-global — German Musik, Turkish müzik, Russian muzyka, Indonesian musik, Arabic mūsīqā, Swahili muziki
- taksitaxiFrench taxi, from taximètre — Turkish taksi, Indonesian taksi, Russian taksi, Swahili teksi — already-global
- telefontelephonealready-global — Turkish, German, Russian, Polish, Indonesian telepon, Arabic tilifūn
Numbers
- uan1Latin ūnus → Spanish/Italian uno, French un, Portuguese um; English one
- du2Latin duo, Greek dýo, Russian dva, Hindi/Urdu do, Persian do, Welsh dau — global through duo, dual
- tri3Latin trēs, Greek treîs, Sanskrit tri, Russian tri, Hindi tīn — global through tri-
- pat4Indonesian/Malay empat, Tagalog apat, Javanese papat
- fai5the Germanic five — English five, German fünf, Dutch vijf, Swedish fem — from the root that also gave Latin quīnque and Greek pénte
- sis6Latin sex → Spanish seis, French/English six, German sechs; Greek héx, Persian shesh
- seti7Latin septem → Spanish siete, Italian sette, French sept; Sanskrit sapta, Hindi sāt, Greek heptá, English seven
- ba8Chinese
- nau9Hindi/Urdu nau, Bengali noy, Persian noh — the same root as Latin novem, German neun, English nine
- des10Hindi/Urdu das, Sanskrit daśa; Latin decem → Spanish diez, Italian dieci, French dix; Greek déka
- sen100Latin centum → French cent, Spanish cien, Italian cento; Russian sto, Sanskrit śatam, Hindi sau, Persian sad
- mila1000Latin mille → Spanish mil, Italian mila, French mille, Turkish milyon
No word matches that yet. Propose it in thelanguage repository.
Wanted16 words
Words the writing has asked for.
Not suggestions. Each one is a place where a text or the phrasebook tried to say something ordinary and stopped, and the sentence that stopped is on record. A gap found by writing is worth more than a gap found by reading a wordlist.
- pain, to hurta child ill for seven days never says where it hurts; mal, bad, is not the same thingtext 6
- love, as a nouna letter cannot be signed with love — ama is the verb, and one root does one jobtext 7
- to miss someoneMi sedih porke yu-yu baid names the cause instead of the feelingtext 7
- a clock, an hour of the dayBerapa hora asks "how many hours", not "what time"the phrasebook
- then, nexta recipe's steps can only be set side by side; tena is "again", not "next"text 8
- to get up, to standMi go dari yatak, I go from the bed, paraphrases a position change; otur is to sit and has no oppositetext 9
- a coin, as against an amountMi beri fai pesa is "I give five money"text 9
- slowlyhayai is fast and has no opposite, so a child writing slowly had to be written as writing badlytext 11
- but— No, eski. Ma hao! — "no, old, but good". ma was invented on the spot and stood in the lesson unnoticed until September 4; the line now reads No, eski. Hao! and the contrast is goneLesson 12
- quiet, silent — the adjectiveDom sukut, the house is silent, three times in two texts — and sukut is the noun silence, so the phrase reads "the house's silence". The lines are Es sukut in dom, there is silence in the house, which is the existential doing the work an adjective would. Found September 5, 2026.text 13
- cheap, deara whole bargaining scene runs on kabir and kurang — big and less — and says this price is as big as the price in the new city where a person would say this is deartext 16
- a wall, a floorthe dictionary has a house, a room, a door, a window, a bed, a table, a chair and a lamp, and not one surface to put them against; a description of a room can only list its contentstext 19
- a songTa-ta kanta kanta eski — they sing an old song — used kanta as the verb and again as a noun, and the dictionary glosses it to sing and nothing else. The line is Ta-ta kanta tena now, they sing again, and the song is gone. Found September 6, 2026 by a shape sweep rather than by writing, which makes it the one entry here found by neither method the page describestext 21
- a rulea notice pinned on a school wall cannot say what it is. legis is law, which is a courtroom, and kalima is a word, so the title reads words for the children where rules for the children was meanttext 27
- fluent, fluentlyMi parolas Esperanton tre flue came out as Mi sema hao Amadunia — I speak Amadunia well. hao carries most of it, which is why this one is weaker than the others on the lista sentence someone asked for
- uncle, aunt, grandmother, cousinthe whole kinship set is six words — mama, papa, anak, dugu, familia, nasab. dugu mama is the mother's sibling and works today; whether the language wants its own root is A2's calla question someone asked
Counted4 papers
The word list, measured.
Global balance is design rule 4, and the one easiest to claim without keeping. It is counted over the whole dictionary rather than batch by batch, and what the next three hundred roots should be made of is argued from those numbers.
Contributing
Add a word.
Every entry needs a form, a meaning, and its source languages. A word gets in when it is already at home in several language families and collides with nothing settled. Open an issue or a pull request on dictionary.md.