es — is, am, are — before a noun predicate only; see grammar/copula.md

Word2.0% of everything written

is, am, are — before a noun predicate only; see grammar/copula.md

Where it comes from: Spanish es, Latin est, Italian è, French est, German ist, English is, Russian est', Hindi hai, Persian ast
Group: Grammar particles
First taught: Lesson 6
How often it is used: 134 times in running Amadunia — 2.0% of every word written, the 6th commonest root. Counted upstream over the lessons, texts and phrasebook; the whole curve.
In the published corpus: 101 of the 1321 glossed sentence pairs use it. That is a narrower measure than the one above — only sentences carrying an English translation are in the corpus, and it is the measure you can check for yourself.
Looked up in English as: am, are, is
More than one: es-es — the noun said twice, joined by a hyphen. Nothing is added and nothing inside the word changes, so nothing can become irregular. The rule.

In use12 shown

Sentences that use it.

Every one written by hand and checked against the rules. Shortest first.

NearbyGrammar particles